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Explainer: Submarine Optic-Fibre Cable and its importance for India


Reliance Jio Infocomm Ltd. (RJio) on May 17, announced that it is constructing the largest international submarine cable system centered in India. Currently, RJio and its several global partners and submarine cable supplier SubCom are deploying two next-generation fibre cables to support the extraordinary growth in data demand across the region.

The India-Asia-Xpress (IAX) will connect India to Asia Pacific markets with express connectivity from Mumbai and Chennai to Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore. On the other hand, the India-Europe-Xpress (IEX) will widen the connectivity of India to the Middle East and Europe. According to Reliance Jio, IAX is expected to deliver services by mid-2023, and IEX will deliver service in early 2024.

“For the first time in the history of fiber optic submarine telecommunications, these systems place India at the centre of the international network map, recognising India’s increased importance, staggering growth and the quantum shift in data use since the launch of Jio services in 2016”, said RJio in a statement.

Currently, 16 submarine cables are landing in 16 cable landing stations in 5 cities across India, in Mumbai, Chennai, Cochin, Tuticorin and Trivandrum. In August 2020, Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the 16th submarine optical fibre cable (OFC) connecting Andaman & Nicobar Islands to the mainland.

What is submarine fibre cable?

A submarine fibre cable is a communication cable that is deployed on the sea bed between land-based stations to carry telecommunication signals and data across the ocean and sea. Modern Submarine cables use optical fibre technology to transfer data. The optical fibre cable communication is much stronger than the traditional satellite communication system.

Why do companies use fibre cables instead of satellites?

Satellites are great for specific applications. Satellites do an excellent job of reaching areas that are not yet wired with fibre. They are also useful for sharing content from one source to multiple locations.

However, on the performance basis, there is just no beating fibre-optic cables. Fibre cables can carry far more data at far less cost than satellites. The big drawback for satellites in comparison with fibre cable is also that there is a delay in data transfer, which could not be suitable in case to support real-time data transfer.

Why fibre cable important?

  • Increasing Network Demands

Due to the growing numbers of people and devices, the demand for data collection and transfer increased. There are many more demands made on networks such as- higher network availability levels, full wireless network coverage, lower latency and higher bandwidth capabilities, all caused by an influx of connected devices. Also, technologies like IoT need a good data transfer speed so that one machine can communicate with another on a real-time basis.

  • Creation and Transfer of Real-Time Data

5G supports Big Data and IoT, which rely massively on real-time data transfer and collection. Because decisions are being made spontaneously based on the data, lower latency and higher bandwidth levels are needed to ensure that the data gets to where it needs to go quickly. Because of fibre cable’s unlimited bandwidth potential, it is the choice to support these bandwidth levels.

  • Higher Radio Frequencies and Small Cells

To handle larger amounts of data, 5G uses higher radio frequencies than existing mobile networks. These higher frequencies have very short ranges. For 5G to work as expected and give multi-gigabit service to users and devices, many additional cells covering small areas must be installed throughout a venue. Fibre cable is the preferred option for 5G because of its scalability, security and ability to handle the vast amount of traffic being generated.

Importance of fibre cable for IoT

To understand the importance of fibre cable for IoT, first, we need to understand what is IoT?

  • Internet of Things (IoT).

IoT defines the network of physical objects (devices) that are fixed with software, sensors, and other technologies to connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the internet. These devices range from everyday household objects to advanced industrial tools. With more than 10 billion connected IoT devices in 2020, experts are expecting this number to grow by 22 billion by 2025.

  • Why IoT is important ?

Over the past few years, IoT has become one of the most prominent technologies of the 21st century. Now that we can connect everyday objects like cars, kitchen appliances, thermostats, baby monitors—to the internet via embedded devices, seamless communication is possible between people, processes, and things.

Through low-cost computing, the cloud, big data, analytics, and mobile technologies, physical things can share and collect data with minimal human intervention. In this hyperconnected world, digital systems can monitor, record and adjust each communication between connected things.

Now, to support these devices seamlessly a high-speed data network is required, which can be only provided by optic-fibre cable right now. And deploying new submarine fibre cable can transfer data seamlessly without any delay from one region to another region.

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